Genotyping of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using MIRUs: association with VNTR and spoligotyping for molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics.
The recent introduction of molecular methods has gained increasing acceptance as a powerful tool for epidemiology and phylogeny of tuberculosis (TB). In this study, the efficiency of using the molecular typing of mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit (MIRUS) rated on a set of 116 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex of 11 different geographical origin. The result was compared with spoligotyping and variable number tandem repeat of DNA (VNTRs) data type. Eighty-nine Miru different profiles obtained in the studied sample. Spoligotyping- or VNTR cluster-defined, divided into subclusters by Miru typing.
In contrast, nearly all clinical isolates clustered by MIRUS shown belong to cluster-based spoligotyping defined. Calculation of discriminatory power by Hunter-Gaston index (HGI) for VNTR, spoligotyping and Miru typing gives values, respectively, 0.959, 0.965 and 0.988, indicating high discriminatory power of MIRUS. Allelic diversity samples are measured for each Miru-VNTR loci; five Miru locus (Miru nos. 10, 23, 26, 31 and 40) are “very discriminant”, four (Miru nos. 4, 16, 24 and 39) are “fairly discriminant”, and three (Miru nos. 2, 20 and 27) is “bad discriminant”. Among the three VNTRs complementary (exact tandem repeats ETR-A, ETR and ETR-B-C), ETR-A is the most discriminant locus. A combined numerical analysis of spoligotyping, VNTR typing and the results corroborated Miru most recent evolutionary scenario for M. tuberculosis complex hypothesis.
M. canettii will be the first branch that has deviated from the general M. tuberculosis complex ancestors. East-Africa India (EAI) clade could be the first family to have diverged thereafter. A third branching separating M. africanum-M. bovis clade, followed by a separate node versus non-Beijing Beijing M. tuberculosis. Beijing is a different clade of Central Asia 1 (CAS1) family. Among the non-Beijing strains, branches such as Latin America and the Mediterranean (LAM), X and Haarlem clades diverged later. In conclusion, the results obtained showed concordance between clades defined by spoligotyping, and Miru-VNTR, and underscores the potential of this method for M. tuberculosis phylogeny reconstruction. We also conclude that the Miru typing is a very promising method that can be used in genotyping strategy “PCR-based two”, in conjunction with conventional epidemiological investigation.
Genotyping of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using MIRUs: association with VNTR and spoligotyping for molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics.
molecular epidemiological analysis of Cryptosporidium spp. in the UK: results of the genotype of Cryptosporidium spp. in 1705 from human stool samples and 105 samples of droppings from livestock.
Cryptosporidium present in stool samples of 1,705 people and 105 livestock were analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein. Overall, genotype 1 (exclusive type of man) was detected in 37.8% of samples from humans, and genotype 2 (broad host range) was detected in 61.5%, the third designated genotype genotype 3 (Cryptosporidium meleagridis) detected at 0, 3%, and both genotypes 1 and 2 have been recovered from 0.4%. All samples from cattle produce genotype 2.
Description: This intronless gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the high mobility group (HMG)-box family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein is the testis-determining factor (TDF), which initiates male sex determination. Mutations in this gene give rise to XY females with gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome); translocation of part of the Y chromosome containing this gene to the X chromosome causes XX male syndrome.
Description: A polyclonal antibody against SRY. Recognizes SRY from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, IHC, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.IHC:1/100-1/300.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against SRY. Recognizes SRY from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;WB:1:500-1:3000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against SRY. Recognizes SRY from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB, IHC
Description: A polyclonal antibody against SRY. Recognizes SRY from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: WB, ELISA;WB:1/500-1/2000.ELISA:1/20000
Description: A polyclonal antibody against SRY. Recognizes SRY from Human. This antibody is Unconjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA, WB;WB:1:500-1:3000
Bovine Sex- determining region Y protein, SRY ELISA KIT
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of SRY from Human. This SRY antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human SRY at AA range: 30-110
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of SRY from Human. This SRY antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human SRY at AA range: 30-110
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of SRY from Human. This SRY antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human SRY at AA range: 30-110
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of SRY from Human. This SRY antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human SRY
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of SRY from Human. This SRY antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human SRY
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of SRY from Human. This SRY antibody is for WB, IHC-P, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the Internal region of human SRY
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human SRY . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human SRY (Center). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A polyclonal antibody against Sry. Recognizes Sry from Mouse. This antibody is FITC conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody against Sry. Recognizes Sry from Mouse. This antibody is Biotin conjugated. Tested in the following application: ELISA
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human SRY (N-Term). This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Description: A Monoclonal antibody against Human SRY. The antibodies are raised in Mouse and are from clone 1G4. This antibody is applicable in WB and IHC, FC, E
Description: Description of target: SRY is an intronless gene that encodes for a transcription factor, which is a member of the high mobility group (HMG)-box family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein is the testis-determining factor(TDF), which initiates male sex determination. Mutations in this gene give rise to XY females with gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome); translocation of part of the Y chromosome containing this gene to the X chromosome causes XX male syndrome.This intronless gene encodes a transcription factor that is a member of the high mobility group (HMG)-box family of DNA-binding proteins. This protein is the testis-determining factor (TDF), which initiates male sex determination. Mutations in this gene give rise to XY females with gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome); translocation of part of the Y chromosome containing this gene to the X chromosome causes XX male syndrome. Publication Note: This RefSeq record includes a subset of the publications that are available for this gene. Please see the Entrez Gene record to access additional publications.;Species reactivity: Human;Application: ELISA;Assay info: ;Sensitivity: < 0.055ng/mL
Description: Sox genes comprise a family of genes that are related to the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY. These genes similarly contain sequences that encode for the HMG-box domain, which is responsible for the sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. Sox genes encode putative transcriptional regulators implicated in the decision of cell fates during development and the control of diverse developmental processes. SOX9 plays an important role in the normal skeletal development. It may regulate the expression of other genes involved in chondrogenesis by acting as a transcription factor for these genes.
Description: Sox genes comprise a family of genes that are related to the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY. These genes similarly contain sequences that encode for the HMG-box domain, which is responsible for the sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. Sox genes encode putative transcriptional regulators implicated in the decision of cell fates during development and the control of diverse developmental processes. SOX9 plays an important role in the normal skeletal development. It may regulate the expression of other genes involved in chondrogenesis by acting as a transcription factor for these genes.
Description: Sox genes comprise a family of genes that are related to the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY. These genes similarly contain sequences that encode for the HMG-box domain, which is responsible for the sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. Sox genes encode putative transcriptional regulators implicated in the decision of cell fates during development and the control of diverse developmental processes. SOX9 plays an important role in the normal skeletal development. It may regulate the expression of other genes involved in chondrogenesis by acting as a transcription factor for these genes.
Among the 469 patients who were infected during the eight drinking water-related outbreaks, five outbreaks mainly occurred due to genotype 1, and three are due to genotype 2. Fifty-four samples collected from patients involved with five -associated plague swimming pool: two outbreaks are due to genotype 1, one is due to genotype 2, and the remaining two involved both genotype 1 and 2. among the 26 plague outbreak nurseries family and 1 children (2 to 3 members per group) , each genotype were recovered from different members of each outbreak: 13 is due to genotype 1, and 14 are due to genotype 2.
Kent
